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Using Passive Voice In Scholarly Writing
As noted before,Passive voice is allowed in APA style and can be quite appropriate,especially when writting about methods and deta collection. However, students often overuse the passive voice in their writting, which means their emphasis in the sentence is not on the action taker. There writing is also at risk of being repetitve. Consider the following paragraph in which the passive voice is used in each sentence:
A survay was adminsterd. Using a convenience sample, 68 teachers were invited to participate in the survay by emailing them an invitation. E-mail addresses of taechers who fit the requirments for participation participation were provided by the principle of the school. The teachers were e-mailed an infirmation sheet and a consent form. Reponses were collected from 45 teachers...
o As you can see, the reader has no idea who is performing theses actions, Which makes the reasearch process unclear. This is at odds with the goal of the methods discussion, Which is to be clear and succinct regarding the process of data collection and analysis.
However, if translated entirely to the active voice, clearly indicating the resercher' s role, " I" becomes redundant and repetive,interrupting the flow of the paragraph ;
In this study, I administerd a survay. I created a convenience sample of 68 teacher. I invited them to participate in the survay by e-mailing them an invitation. I obtained e-mail addresses from the principle of the school...
o " I" is quite redundant here and repetitive for the reader.
The walden writing center suggests that student s use " I" in the first sentence of the paraghaph. Then, as long as it is clear to the reader that the student (writer) is the actor in the remaining sentence, use the active and passive voices appropriately to achieve precision and clarity (where applicable):
In this study, I admnisterd a survay using a convenience sample. sixty _eight taechers were invited to participate in the survay. The principle of the school provided me with the e-mail addresses of the teacher who fit the requirments for participation. I e-mailed the teachers an information sheet and a consent form. A total of 45 teachers responded...
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